Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika
Kos: a city and an island. Homer too: 'and Kos, the [city] of Eurypylos'. It used to be called Meropis after the earth-born Merops. 'Kos' is from 'Ko', the daughter of Merops. It used also to be called 'Karis'; it is also said as 'Κώως', with two ω's, and 'Κόως', as per the locative form in Homer, 'and then you carried her off to Kos, well-inhabited'. It is also said as 'Κόος', with two ο's. The original form therefore seems to be 'Kos', for the founder too is so called. For 'Κέω' the ethnonym is 'Κέιος', and, with lengthening, 'Κήιος', as for 'Τέω', 'Τέιος' and 'Τήιος', and 'Κεῖος' with a diphthong. But from monosyllabic 'Κῶ' come 'Κῷος' and 'Κώιος', as in 'Μινῷος'. Hippokrates and Erasistratos, physicians, were designated in this way. Hippokrates belonged to those called 'Nebridai'; for Nebros was the most distinguished of the Asklepiadai, to whom the Pythia too bore witness. His son was Gnosidikos; Gnosidikos' sons were Hippokrates, Aineios, and Podaleirios; Hippokrates' son was Herakleides; his son was the most illustrious Hippokrates, who also left behind marvellous treatises. There is also a city Kos in Egypt.
Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.
Κῶς, πόλις καὶ νῆσος. καὶ Ὅμηρος “καὶ Κῶν Εὐρυπύλοιο [πόλιν]”. ἣ Μεροπίς ἐκαλεῖτο ἀπὸ γηγενοῦς Μέροπος. Κῶς δὲ ἀπὸ Κῶ τῆς Μέροπος θυγατρός. ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ καὶ Καρίς· λέγεται καὶ Κώως διὰ δύο « ω », καὶ Κόως ἀφ´ οὗ τὸ παρ´ Ὁμήρῳ τοπικόν “καί μιν ἔπειτα Κόωνδ´ εὐναιομένην ἀπένεικας”. λέγεται καὶ Κόος διὰ δύο « οο ». ἔοικεν οὖν τὸ πρωτότυπον Κῶς οὕτως γὰρ καὶ ὁ κτιστής. τῆς Κέω τὸ ἐθνικὸν Κέιος, καὶ ἐκτάσει Κήιος, ὡς τῆς Τέω Τέιος καὶ Τήιος, καὶ Κεῖος διὰ διφθόγγου. τῆς δὲ Κῶ μονοσυλλάβου Κῷος καὶ …
… τοῦ σῶος ἢ ἐκ τοῦ σάος. Κρῶς ὄνομα ἥρωος ὁμοφωνοῦν τῇ πόλει, ἔστι δὲ Αἰγύπτου. Ἑκαταῖος περιηγήσει Ἀσίας. Γλῶς ὄνομα ἥρωος, Κῶς πόλις καὶ νῆσος. καὶ Ὅμηρος «καὶ Κῶν Εὐρυπύλοιο πόλιν» (Β 677). λέγεται καὶ Κώως διὰ δύο 'ωω' καὶ Κόως, ἀφ´ οὗ τὸ παρ´ Ὁμήρῳ τοπικὸν «καί μιν ἔπειτα Κόωνδ´ εὐναιομένην ἀπένεικας» (Il. Ξ 255). λέγεται καὶ Κόος διὰ δύο 'οο'. ἔοικεν οὖν τὸ πρωτότυπον Κῶς. οὕτως γὰρ καὶ ὁ κτίστης. ἔστι καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ πόλις Κῶς. ἔστι δὲ καὶ κῶς τὸ ὄρυγμα τὸ ἐν
…ὁ διασημότατος τῶν Ἀσκληπιαδῶν, ᾧ καὶ ἡ Πυθία ἐμαρτύρησεν· οὗ Γνωσίδικος, Γνωσιδίκου δὲ Ἱπποκράτης καὶ Αἴνειος καὶ Ποδαλείριος, Ἱπποκράτους Ἡρακλείδης, οὗ Ἱπποκράτης ὁ ἐπιφανέστατος, ὁ καὶ θαυμασίας συντάξεις καταλελοιπώς. ἔστι καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ πόλις Κῶς.
…λών καὶ καμηλών ὡς περιεκτικὰ ὀξύνεται· τὸ Βαβυλών ἀρσενικῶς, ἀφ´ οὗ καὶ ἡ πόλις. ἔστι γὰρ κτίσμα Βαβυλῶνος παιδὸς Βήλου παλαίτατον, οὐχ ὡς Ἡρόδοτος ὑπὸ Σεμιράμιδος· ταύτης γὰρ ἦν ἀρχαιοτέρα ἔτεσι χιλίοις δύο, ὡς Ἑρέννιος. ἔστι καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ πόλις. ὁμοίως καὶ τὸ μιμαλλών θηλυκόν, ἤτοι μαινάς. οὕτω Καλλίμαχος. Τὰ εἰς 'μων' μὴ ὄντα τοπικὰ ἢ ὁπότε μὴ ἐπὶ καιροῦ λαμβάνοιτο ἢ ἔχοι πρὸ τέλους τὸ 'υ' ἐκτεταμένον, βαρύνεται, Ἕρμων, Ἄλμων ἢ Σάλμων, πόλις Βοιωτίας, ἣν Ἑλλά…