Codex (GPT-6) · Primary analysis · unreviewed
Κώμη, ἐν ταῖς μακραῖς ὁδοῖς μέσα χωρία ἔκτισαν πρὸς τὸ κοιμᾶσθαι νυκτὸς ἐπιγενομένης, ὅθεν καὶ ἐπικέκληται, ὡς Φιλόξενος.
Κώμη is the entry label, not the subject of the plural ἔκτισαν. χωρία is the object. πρὸς τὸ κοιμᾶσθαι expresses purpose; νυκτὸς ἐπιγενομένης is a temporal genitive absolute within that purpose context. ὅθεν introduces an explanation of the name, and ὡς Φιλόξενος is an elliptical source attribution.
Close translation: Kome: along long roads they built places at intervals for sleeping when night came on; hence it has received its name, according to Philoxenos.
| # | Word | Lemma | Part of speech | Morphology | Features | Head | Relation | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κώμη | κώμη | NOUN | entry headword; nominative feminine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 | dislocated | Hanging entry label, meaning village.Note · mediumIt cannot be the grammatical subject of third-plural ἔκτισαν. |
| 2 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | preposition governing dative | 5 | case | Introduces the road location. | |
| 3 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | article; dative feminine plural | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 | det | Article of ὁδοῖς. |
| 4 | μακραῖς | μακρός | ADJ | adjective; dative feminine plural | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 | amod | Describes the roads as long. |
| 5 | ὁδοῖς | ὁδός | NOUN | noun; dative feminine plural | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 | obl | Location of the building. |
| 6 | μέσα | μέσος | ADJ | adjective; accusative neuter plural | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 | amod | Describes the places as intermediate. |
| 7 | χωρία | χωρίον | NOUN | noun; accusative neuter plural | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 | obj | Places or settlements built. |
| 8 | ἔκτισαν | κτίζω | VERB | aorist active indicative; third plural | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 | root | They built; subject unexpressed. |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | preposition governing the accusative articular infinitive | 11 | mark | Marks the purpose clause.Note · highLabelled mark because its complement is an infinitival clause; nominal analyses may use case. | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article; accusative neuter singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 | det | Article of the articular infinitive. |
| 11 | κοιμᾶσθαι | κοιμάω | VERB | present middle/passive infinitive; middle/intransitive sense | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 | advcl:purpose | Purpose: sleeping.Note · highThe shared middle/passive ending is interpreted through the intransitive sense; no case is assigned to the infinitive. |
| 12 | νυκτὸς | νύξ | NOUN | noun; genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 | nsubj | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 13 | ἐπιγενομένης | ἐπιγίγνομαι | VERB | second-aorist middle participle; genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 | advcl | Temporal genitive absolute: night having come on. |
| 14 | ὅθεν | ὅθεν | ADV | relative adverb | PronType=Rel | 16 | advmod | Hence; links the proposed naming explanation to the preceding account. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | ADV | additive/focusing particle | 16 | advmod | Also/accordingly, within the naming explanation. | |
| 16 | ἐπικέκληται | ἐπικαλέω | VERB | perfect middle/passive indicative; third singular, passive sense | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 8 | advcl | Has received its name.Note · mediumThe understood singular subject is associated with the entry headword. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | source-attribution marker | 18 | mark | According to; introduces the source citation. | |
| 18 | Φιλόξενος | Φιλόξενος | PROPN | proper noun; nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 | advcl | Source of the naming account.Note · mediumPromoted nominal head of an elliptical 'as Philoxenos says' clause. |
Interpretation and open choices
- observation: ἔκτισαν is aorist active indicative, third plural. Its human subject is unexpressed; χωρία is accusative neuter plural.
- observation: κοιμᾶσθαι is present middle/passive in form, with the middle/intransitive sense 'sleep'. The article τὸ is accusative neuter singular under πρός; the infinitive itself has no inflected case.
- observation: νυκτός is genitive singular, and ἐπιγενομένης is the agreeing aorist middle participle, genitive feminine singular, of ἐπιγίγνομαι. Together they supply the temporal condition 'when night came on'.
- observation: ἐπικέκληται is perfect middle/passive indicative, third singular, with passive sense 'has been named'. Its understood subject is the place/designation under discussion, not plural χωρία.
- observation: The purpose infinitive leaves its sleeping participants implicit: road users in context. It should not automatically be forced to share the builders as its subject.
- uncertainty: μέσα describes intermediate places; 'at intervals' is contextual English rather than a numerical spacing claim.
- uncertainty: The genitive absolute is attached to κοιμᾶσθαι because nightfall supplies the setting for sleep. Broader attachment to the building-for-sleeping proposition is possible.
- uncertainty: Φιλόξενος is promoted as the head of an elliptical citation clause; no unexpressed φησί is added.
- uncertainty: The sentence reports an etymological explanation. Parsing its grammar does not establish that the proposed derivation of κώμη from sleeping is historically correct.