Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika
Naxos: an island of the Cyclades, the famous one, named from Naxos, a leader of the Carians. Others from Naxos son of Endymion. Euphorion, however, derives it from naxai, which they say some use in the sense ‘to sacrifice’. Asclepiades relates that the women of the Naxians alone give birth at eight months, either because Hera, having become friendly toward Dionysus, granted this as a gift to the Naxian women, or because Dionysus himself was also born in this way; and that there is there a spring from which wine flows, very sweet. There are also a city of Sicily and other places Naxos. The ethnic is Naxioi; whence also Naxia lithos, the Cretan whetstone. A feminine form is also said, Naxias, from Naxios. But ‘kritikē akonē’, if written with iota, means ‘that which distinguishes and makes manifest’.
Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.
Νάξος, νῆσος τῶν Κυκλάδων, ἡ διάσημος, ἀπὸ τοῦ Νάξου Καρῶν ἡγεμόνος. ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπὸ Νάξου τοῦ Ἐνδυμίωνος. Εὐφορίων δὲ παρὰ τὸ νάξαι, ὅ φασι θῦσαί τινες. Ἀσκληπιάδης ἱστορεῖ τὰς Ναξίων γυναῖκας μόνας ὀκτάμηνα τίκτειν, ἢ διὰ τὸ τὴν Ἥραν φίλην γενομένην τῷ Διονύσῳ ταῖς Ναξίαις τοῦτο δῶρον παρασχεῖν, ἢ ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Διόνυσος οὕτως ἐτέχθη. καὶ ὅτι ἐστὶν ἐκεῖ κρήνη, ἐξ ἧς …
… Μαυριτανίας καὶ ἔθνος. Λάκοξος, Ῥοῖξος ἐπίνειον Κιλικίας ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκβολαῖς τοῦ Σάρου ποταμοῦ. Κρόξος, Βόξος, Λάοξος ὁ ποταμός. Ὦξος ὁ ποταμός. Ἄξος πόλις Κρήτης ὡς Ἡρόδοτος ἐν τετάρτῃ (c. 154), Νάξος νῆσος τῶν Κυκλάδων ἀπὸ τοῦ Νάξου Καρῶν ἡγεμόνος, ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπὸ Νάξου τοῦ Ἐνδυμίωνος. Εὐφορίων δὲ παρὰ τὸ νάξαι, ὅ φασι θῦσαί τινες. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Σικελίας. καὶ ἄλλοι τόποι Νάξοι. Ὄαξος πόλις Κρήτης Ἐλευθέρνης οὐ πόρρω, καθὰ Ξενίων ἀπὸ Ὀάξου τοῦ Ἀκακαλλίδος τῆς θυγατρὸς τοῦ Μίνω. τινὲς δὲ διὰ τὸ καταγῆναι τὸν τόπον καὶ κρημνώδη ὑπάρχειν. καλοῦσι γὰ…