Γέλα

Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika

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Γέλα OCR ✓ Trans ✓ Confirmed ✓
city
Γέλα, πόλις Σικελίας. ἡ γενικὴ Γέλας. τὸ δὲ Γέλης ἰωνικόν. καλεῖται δὲ ἀπὸ ποταμοῦ Γέλα, ὁ δὲ ποταμὸς ὅτι πολλὴν πάχνην γεννᾷ· ταύτην γὰρ τῇ Ὀπικῶν φωνῇ καὶ Σικελῶν γέλαν λέγεσθαι. Πρόξενος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ πόρων Σικελικῶν καὶ Ἑλλάνικος ἀπὸ Γέλωνος τοῦ Αἴτνης καὶ Ὑμάρου. Ἀρισταίνετος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ Φασήλιδα, ὅτι Λάκιος καὶ Ἀντίφημος ἀδελφοὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς Δελφοὺς μαντεύσασθαι, τὴν δὲ Πυθίαν οὐδὲν περὶ ἐκείνων λέγουσαν προστάσσειν τὸν Λάκιον πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἡλίου πλεῖν. τοῦ δ´ Ἀντιφήμου γελάσαντος τὴν Πυθίαν εἰπεῖν πάλιν “ἐφ´ ἡλίου δυσμῶν”, καὶ Γέλαν πόλιν οἰκίσαι. τὸ ἐθνικὸν Γελῶος, οὐ Γελαῖος, ὡς Ἅβρων καὶ ἡ συνήθεια. καὶ ἴσως ἀπὸ τοῦ γέλως τὸ Γελῶος.

Gela, a city in Sicily. The genitive is 'Gelas'; 'Geles' is Ionic. It is named after the river Gela, and the river is so named because it produces much frost: this, they say, is called 'gela' in the language of the Opikoi and the Sikeloi. Proxenos, in book 1 of his On Sicilian Passages, and Hellanikos derive the name from Gelon, son of Aitne and Hymaros. Aristainetos, in book 1 of his On Phaselis, says that the brothers Lakios and Antiphemos came to Delphi to consult the oracle. The Pythia said nothing about them, but ordered Lakios to sail towards the rising sun. When Antiphemos laughed, the Pythia said in turn, 'Towards the setting sun', and he founded the city of Gela. The ethnonym is 'Geloos', not 'Gelaios', as per Habron and common usage. Perhaps 'Geloos' also comes from 'gelos' (‘laughter’).

AI translation — gpt-6-sol; Gabe v3

Text Details

Entry#45
Greek textmeineke (current) · csv_fallback
Source idMeineke 200.20
OCRgemini-constrained (gemini-3-flash-preview) on 2026-02-10
Word count109
AI translationgpt-5.5 v3 · gpt-6-sol

Cited Authors

AuthorWork / Citation
Πρόξενος (Proxenos)On Pyrrhus in Sicily · FGrHist 703 F 4
Σικελικά (Sicilian matters)On Pyrrhus in Sicily
Ἑλλάνικος (Hellanicus)FGrHist 4 F 199 = fr. 199a Fowler
Ἀρισταίνετος (Aristainetos)On Phaselis · FGrHist 771 F 1
Φασήλις (Phaselis)On Phaselis
Ἄβρων (Abr(on))fr. 15 Berndt
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Mentioned Entities

EntityDetails
ΓέλαGela · place
ΣικελίαSicily · place
ΓέλαGela · place
ΓέλαGela · place
ΓέλαGela · place
ὈπικοίOpici · people
ΣικελοίSicels · people
ΠύρροςPyrrhus · person
ΓέλωνGelo · person
ΑἴτνηAetna · place
ὝμαροςHymaros · person
ΛάκιοςLakios · person
ἈντίφημοςAntiphemos · person
ΔελφοίDelphi · place
ΠυθίαPythia · person
ΠυθίαPythia · person
ΓέλαGela · place
ΓελώοςGeloan (of Gela) · people
Gela (city in Sicily)place · city · Sicily · explicit · unresolved
Gela (river)place · river · Sicily · explicit · unresolved
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Etymologies

CategoryExplanation
Borrowing Non GreekIt is called [Gela] from the river Gela; and the river [has this name] because it produces much frost, for this is said to be called gela in the language of the Opici and the Sicels.
Eponym PersonProxenus and Hellanicus [say that it is named] after Gelon, of Aetna and Hÿmaros.
Folk Etymology NarrativeWhen the brothers Lacius and Antiphemus came to Delphi to consult the oracle, the Pythia said nothing about them but ordered Lacius to sail toward the sunrise. When Antiphemus laughed at the Pythia, she said again, ‘toward the setting of the sun’; and he founded the city of Gela.
Morphological CompositionAnd perhaps Gelōos [the ethnic name] comes from gelōs, ‘laughter.’

Links

Place linksGela | 📍 Map | Pleiades
Page scansvol1_488.jpg
ReviewOpen review page

Translation Guidance

KindRuleGuidanceDetection
FormulaX (AUTHOR NAME) + Y (dative NUMBER) + Z (genitive BOOK NAME)
formula:5e7f1861601f28d1
Translate as "X, book Y in his *Z*"
Domain: SOURCE CITATIONS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 2 occurrences
FormulaX (AUTHOR NAME) + Y (NUMERAL)
formula:a0ca4574d7d0ffdb
Translate as "X, book Y"
Domain: SOURCE CITATIONS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 2 occurrences
FormulaX (AUTHOR NAME) + ἐν + Y (dative BOOK NAME)
formula:c795eaabedf9a542
Translate as "Χ, in his *Y*"
Domain: SOURCE CITATIONS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 2 scan rows · 4 occurrences
FormulaX (nominative PROPER NOUN) + X (genitive PROPER NOUN)
formula:276bf314e3ad9973
Translate as "X, X"
Domain: PROPER NOUNS & EPITHETS		Matched · high confidence · 2 scan rows · 2 occurrences
FormulaX (nominative PROPER NOUN) ... + ἀπό + Y (genitive ETYMON)
formula:7c2ffc889ab09d8d
Translate as "X... after Y"
Domain: COMPARISONS & DERIVATIONAL ANALOGIES
Rule status: In progress		Matched · medium confidence · 1 scan row · 2 occurrences
FormulaX (nominative) + ὡς + Y (nominative HOMOMORPH)
formula:1bb0974b95264dde
Translate as "'X' as in 'Y'"
Domain: COMPARISONS & DERIVATIONAL ANALOGIES
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
FormulaX (SETTLEMENT) + Y (genitive REGION)
formula:1040044f9f2bf616
Translate as "a X in Y"
Domain: SPATIAL & PREDICATE STATEMENTS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 2 scan rows · 2 occurrences
Formulaτὸ ἐθνικὸν + X (nominative ETHNONYM)
formula:cfc8a7c494690fc3
Translate as "the ethnonym is 'X'"
Domain: SPATIAL & PREDICATE STATEMENTS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 2 scan rows · 2 occurrences
FormulaΧ (AUTHOR NAME) + ἐν + Y (dative NUMBER) + Z (genitive BOOK NAME)
formula:c22408ee90fd1a1e
Translate as "X, in book Y of his *Z*"
Domain: SOURCE CITATIONS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 2 scan rows · 3 occurrences
Formulaὡς + X (AUTHOR NAME)
formula:d915b1886270056c
Translate as "as per X"
Domain: SOURCE CITATIONS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Glossἐθνικόν τό
gloss:9c5337ad6342cf4a
ethnonym
Domain: POLITCAL/CULTURAL		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Glossκαλεῖται/ἐκαλεῖτο/κέκληται/ἐκλήθη (ἀπο...)
gloss:ef7a95cd709173ed
is/used to be/is/was called/named after (+ ἀπο)
Domain: LINGUISTIC/META-LINGUISTIC		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Browse all translation guidance rules

Herodian overlaps

Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.

Herodian 1.253
char LCS 169 (31.6%) · word LCS 36 (33.0%)
Stephanos
Γέλα, πόλις Σικελίας. ἡ γενικὴ Γέλας. τὸ δὲ Γέλης ἰωνικόν. καλεῖται δὲ ἀπὸ ποταμοῦ Γέλα, ὁ δὲ ποταμὸς ὅτι πολλὴν πάχνην γεννᾷ· ταύτην γὰρ τῇ Ὀπικῶν φωνῇ καὶ Σικελῶν γέλαν λέγεσθαι. Πρόξενος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ πόρων Σικελικῶν καὶ Ἑλλάνικος ἀπὸ Γέλωνος τοῦ Αἴτνης καὶ Ὑμάρου. Ἀρισταίνετος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ Φασήλιδα, ὅτι Λάκιος καὶ Ἀντίφημος ἀδελφοὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς Δελφοὺς μαντεύσασθαι, τὴν δὲ Πυθίαν οὐδὲν περὶ ἐκείνων λέγουσαν προστάσσειν τὸν Λάκιον πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἡλίου πλεῖν. τοῦ δ´ …
Herodian
…εἰς Ψύλλαν χωρίον στάδια κʹ, ἀπὸ Ψύλλης χωρίου εἰς Τίον πόλιν καὶ ποταμὸν Βιλλαῖον στάδια πʹ«. Σκύλλα. Σίβυλλα. ἅμιλλα. ἄελλα. παῦλα καὶ ἀνάπαυλα. Βάλα πόλις τῆς Γαλιλαίας. Ἰώσηπος (Ant. Iud. 6, 6). Γέλα πόλις Σικελίας. καλεῖται δὲ ἀπὸ ποταμοῦ Γέλα, ὁ δὲ ποταμὸς ὅτι πολλὴν πάχνην γεννᾷ. ταύτην γὰρ τῇ Ὀπικῶν φωνῇ καὶ Σικελῶν γέλαν λέγεσθαι. Πρόξενος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ πόρων Σικελικῶν καὶ Ἑλλάνικος ἀπὸ Γέλωνος τοῦ Αἴτνης καὶ Ἱμέρου. Ἀρισταίνετος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ Φασήλιδα, ὅτι Λάκιος καὶ Ἀντίφημος ἀδελφοὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς Δελφοὺς ἐμαντεύσαντο, τὴν δὲ Πυθίαν οὐδὲν περὶ
Herodian 1.54
char LCS 64 (12.0%) · word LCS 13 (11.9%)
Stephanos
Γέλα, πόλις Σικελίας. ἡ γενικὴ Γέλας. τὸ δὲ Γέλης ἰωνικόν. καλεῖται δὲ ἀπὸ ποταμοῦ Γέλα, ὁ δὲ ποταμὸς ὅτι πολλὴν πάχνην γεννᾷ· ταύτην γὰρ τῇ Ὀπικῶν φωνῇ καὶ Σικελῶν γέλαν λέγεσθαι. Πρόξενος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ πόρων Σικελικῶν καὶ Ἑλλάνικος ἀπὸ Γέλωνος τοῦ Αἴτνης καὶ Ὑμάρου. Ἀρισταίνετος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ Φασήλιδα, ὅτι Λάκιος καὶ Ἀντίφημος ἀδελφοὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς Δελφοὺς μαντεύσασθαι, τὴν δὲ Πυθί…
Herodian
…ς Ἐλιξοίας νήσου καὶ ὁ νησιώτης ὁμοφώνως, ὡς Ἑκαταῖος ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης. τὸ δὲ Ἀρκάς συστελλόμενον ἔχον τὸ 'α' ὀξύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'λας' δι´ ἑνὸς 'λ' βαρύνονται, εἰ μὴ ἐκ συναλοιφῆς εἴη, Γέλας ποταμὸς Σικελίας, ὃς οὕτω καλεῖται, ὅτι πολλὴν πάχνην γεννᾷ. ταύτην γὰρ τῇ Ὀπικῶν φωνῇ καὶ Σικελῶν γέλαν λέγεσθαι. Ὕλας,
Herodian 1.30
char LCS 40 (7.5%) · word LCS 8 (7.3%)
Stephanos
Γέλα, πόλις Σικελίας. ἡ γενικὴ Γέλας. τὸ δὲ Γέλης ἰωνικόν. καλεῖται δὲ ἀπὸ ποταμοῦ Γέλα, ὁ δὲ ποταμὸς ὅτι πολλὴν πάχνην γεννᾷ· ταύτην γὰρ τῇ Ὀπικῶν φωνῇ καὶ Σικελῶν γέλαν λέγεσθαι. Πρόξενος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ πόρων Σικελικῶν καὶ Ἑλλάνικος ἀπὸ Γέλωνος τοῦ Αἴτνης καὶ Ὑμάρου. Ἀρισταίνετος δ´ ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ Φασήλιδα, ὅτι Λάκιος καὶ Ἀντίφημος ἀδελφοὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς Δελφοὺς μαντεύσασθαι, τὴν δὲ Πυθίαν οὐδὲν περὶ ἐκείνων λέγουσαν προστάσσειν τὸν Λάκιον πρὸς ἀν…
Herodian
…έντοι Τριάκων, σαλάκων καὶ Αἰολοσίκων ὑγιῶς βαρύνεται. οὐ γάρ εἰσι τοπικά. Τὰ εἰς 'λων' δισύλλαβα βαρύνονται μὴ ὄντα τοπικὰ οἷον δόλων καὶ Δόλων, Φίλων, Γέλων ὁ Αἴτνης καὶ Ἱμέρου, ἀφ´ οὗ Γέλα πόλις Σικελίας, ὡς Πρόξενος ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν περὶ πόρων Σικελικῶν καὶ Ἑλλάνικος. Μόλων, Πέλλων, Χέλλων Καλλίμαχος «δημεχθέα Χέλλωνα», Τρέλλων, παρὰ Σώφρονι τὸ ὄνομα, Θάλλων ὄνομα κύριον κυνὸς παρὰ Ξενοφῶντι, Σίλλων Ἐπίχαρμος Χορευταῖς, Κάλλων ὁ ἀθλητὴς κατὰ ὑποκορισμόν. Βούλων, ἀφ´ οὗ Βοῦλις πόλις …

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Last updated: 2026-10-10 09:35:27 UTC