Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika
Graikos: the Greek, oxytone, the son of Thessalos, from whom the Greeks Graikoi. Kephalon the river Granikos too was named from this. But the proper name 'Graikos' is barytone. The ethnonym then is oxytone. Also said Graikites and Graikis the feminine. Graikes in Alkman are the mothers of the Greeks, and in Sophokles in the Shepherds. It is either a metaplasm or a declension of the nominative Graix. There are also Graikes of the Aiolians, those inhabiting Parion.
External translation supplied by Brady Kiesling; reported Claude Fable 5.5 translation. Credit: Brady Kiesling and the Stephanos project (Greg Baker, Gabriel Jower, Greta Hawes, Brady Kiesling). Not individually verified; exact Greek input not supplied.
Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.
… Θεσσαλοῦ υἱός, ἀφ´ οὗ Γραικοί οἱ Ἕλληνες. Κεφάλων δὲ καὶ τὸν Γράνικον ποταμὸν ἐντεῦθεν κληθῆναι. τὸ δὲ Γραῖκος τὸ κύριον βαρύνεται. τὸ οὖν ἐθνικὸν ὀξύνεται. λέγεται καὶ Γραικίτης καὶ Γραικίς τὸ θηλυκόν. Γραῖκες δὲ παρὰ Ἀλκμᾶνι αἱ τῶν Ἑλλήνων μητέρες, καὶ παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ ἐν Ποιμέσιν. ἔστι δὲ ἢ μεταπλασμὸς ἢ τῆς Γραίξ εὐθείας κλίσις ἐστίν. εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ Γραῖκες Αἰολέων, οἱ τὸ Πάριον οἰκοῦντες.
… τὸ πυκνὸν τῶν πάλαι ᾠκισμένων οἰκιῶν, λύγξ καὶ Λύγξ πόλις Λιβύης πρὸς τοῖς Γαδείροις μετὰ τὸν Ἄτλαντα· καὶ νῆσος Ἄτλαντος καὶ πόλις Λύγξ, ὡς Ἀρτεμίδωρος. Τὰ εἰς 'αιξ' μονοσύλλαβα ὀξύνεται, Ῥαίξ, Γραίξ, Γραῖκες γὰρ παρ´ Ἀλκμᾶνι αἱ τῶν Ἑλλήνων μητέρες καὶ παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ ἐν Ποιμέσιν· εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ Γραῖκες Αἰολέων οἱ τὸ Πάριον οἰκοῦντες. ἔστι δὲ ἢ μεταπλασμὸς ἢ τῆς Γραίξ εὐθείας κλίσις ἐστίν. ἀλλὰ δύο μόνα εὕρηται ἐν τῇ συνήθει χρήσει· τὸ αἴξ ἐπὶ τοῦ ζῴου· καὶ τοῦτο οἱ Ἀττικοὶ περισπῶσι, καὶ τὸ Θρᾷξ, ὅπε…