Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika
Gymnesiai: two islands around Tyrsenis, not seven as some. Lykophron: "and the Gymnesian sea-washed reefs, having sailed, crabs clad in skin cloaks shall drag out a cloakless, shoeless life". And the ethnonym both masculine and feminine Gymnesios and Gymnesia. And Gymnesis, from the genitive 'Gymnetos' by change of 't' to 's'. The people was so named because in summer they stay naked. They were also called Baliarides, from which Baliareis the ethnic, which is 'slingers'.
External translation supplied by Brady Kiesling; reported Claude Fable 5.5 translation. Credit: Brady Kiesling and the Stephanos project (Greg Baker, Gabriel Jower, Greta Hawes, Brady Kiesling). Not individually verified; exact Greek input not supplied.
Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.
…υμνησίας σισυρνοδῦται καρκίνοι πεπλωκότες ἄχλαινον ἀμπρεύσουσι νήλιποι βίον. καὶ ἀρσενικῶς καὶ θηλυκῶς ἐθνικὸν Γυμνήσιος καὶ Γυμνησία. καὶ Γυμνησίς, ἀπὸ τῆς Γύμνητος γενικῆς τροπῇ τοῦ « τ » εἰς « σ ». ἐκλήθη δὲ τὸ ἔθνος ὅτι τῷ θέρει γυμνοὶ μένουσιν. ἐκλήθησαν δὲ καὶ Βαλιαρίδες ἀφ´ οὗ Βαλιαρεῖς τὸ ἐθνικόν, ὅ ἐστι σφενδονῆται.
…εται. Φάγρης πόλις Θρᾴκης· Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ καὶ Θουκυδίδης δευτέρᾳ (c. 99). Βάβρης, Ἔγκρης, Σάτρης ἔθνος Θρᾴκης ὡς Ἑκαταῖος ἐν Εὐρώπῃ φησίν. Γόνδρης Θρᾴκιον ἔθνος. Νίγρης ποταμὸς Λιβύης καὶ ἔθνος, Γύμνης ἔθνος· ἐκλήθη δὲ ὅτι τῷ θέρει γυμνοὶ μένουσιν. εἴ τι δὲ περισπασθῇ, κατὰ πάθος γέγονε· τὸ γὰρ τεχνῆς, λαχνῆς, ζαχρῆς ἀπὸ συναλοιφῆς γίνονται. τὸ μέντοι γυμνής, χερνής, ἀβλής, προβλής, ἀδμής, ἀκμής ἐπιθετικὰ ὄντα ὀξύνονται.