Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika
Opiai: an Indian people. Hekataios in his Asia: ‘Among them dwell people by the Indos river, the Opiai, and in it there is a royal fortification. As far as this point are the Opiai; after them there is desert as far as the Indians’.
AI translation — gpt-5.5; Gabe v3
Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.
Ὠπίαι, ἔθνος Ἰνδικόν. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ “ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖσι οἰκέουσι ἄνθρωποι παρὰ τὸν Ἰνδὸν ποταμὸν Ὠπίαι, ἐν δὲ τεῖχος βασιλήιον. μέχρι τούτου Ὠπίαι, ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων ἐρημίη μέχρις Ἰνδῶν”.
δὲ τὰ εἰς 'ας' καθαρόν, Νικίας, Λυσίας, Ἀρχίας, Λοξίας, Γοργίας, Ἐρυξίας, δρακοντίας, ὀνοματίας, κοππατίας, ταραξίας, κοχλίας, τραυματίας, Παπίας, Ὠπίας ἔθνος Ἰνδικόν. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ «ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖσι οἰκέουσι ἄνθρωποι παρὰ τὸν Ἰνδὸν ποταμὸν Ὠπίαι, ἐν δὲ τεῖχος βασιλήϊον. μέχρι τούτου Ὠπίαι, ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων ἐρημίη μέχρις Ἰνδῶν». Προυσίας, Πρακίας ἔθνος ἀπὸ Πρακὸς τοῦ ἐξ Ἠπείρου μὲν ὁρμήσαντος, οἰκήσαντος δὲ ἐν τῇ Λακωνικῇ. Ἀγρίας ἔθνος Παιονίας μεταξὺ Αἵμου καὶ Ῥοδόπης. παρὰ Πολυβίῳ δὲ διὰ τοῦ 'α'. εὑρέθη δὲ ἐν ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῃ «τὸ γὰρ τῶν Ἀγραῶ…