Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika
Pharai: a city in Messene, from which the Apharetiadai came. There is also one in Achaia. There are also places called Pherai, spelt with η; the citizen is called a 'Pheraios'. There are also Pharai in Boiotia. The ethnonym is 'Phares', 'Pharetos' (gen.). There is another in Crete, a colony of the one in Messene, as per Philon. The ethnonym for the one in Messenia is 'Pharaites', just as 'Thebaites' is from Thebai and 'Sykaites' from Sykai. Those in Achaia are called 'Pharaieis'. It is also clear that 'Pharaieus' is formed beside 'Pharaios', as 'Kretaieus' is beside 'Kretaios' and 'Kopaieus' beside 'Kopaios'. The possessive adjective 'Pharaikos' is also from 'Pharaios'.
AI translation — gpt-5.6-sol; Gabe v3
Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.
Φαραί, πόλις Μεσσήνης, ὅθεν ἦσαν οἱ Ἀφαρητιάδαι. ἔστι καὶ Ἀχαΐας. εἰσὶ καὶ διὰ τοῦ « η » Φηραί· ὁ πολίτης Φηραῖος. εἰσὶ καὶ Φαραί Βοιωτίας. τὸ ἐθνικὸν Φάρης Φάρητος. ἔστι δ´ ἄλλη Κρήτης, ἄποικος τῆς ἐν Μεσσήνῃ, ὡς Φίλων. τὸ ἐθνικὸν τῆς Μεσσηνίας Φαραΐτης, ὡς Θῆβαι Θηβαΐτης καὶ Συκαί Συκαΐτης. …
…χοντα ὀξύνεται, ἰρά ἡ ἐκκλησία. τοῦτο δὲ διφορεῖται καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἐτυμολογίαν καὶ κατὰ τὴν γραφήν. εἰ μὲν γὰρ παρὰ τὸ εἴρω τὸ λέγω, διὰ διφθόγγου, εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱερὰν εἶναι διὰ τοῦ 'ι'. σειρά, πυρά, οὐρά, φρουρά, πλευρά. Φαραί πόλις Μεσσήνης, ὅθεν ἦσαν οἱ Ἀφαρητιάδαι· ἔστι καὶ Ἀχαΐας. εἰσὶ καὶ Φαραί Βοιωτίας. ἔστι δὲ ἄλλη Κρήτης ἄποικος τῆς ἐν Μεσσήνῃ, ὡς Φίλων. ἀρά καὶ Ἀρά Ἀθάμαντος θυγάτηρ καὶ Ἀραί νῆσοι τρεῖς οὕτω λεγόμεναι διὰ τὰς ἀράς, ἃς Δωριεῖς ἐποιήσαντο πρὸς τοῦ Πενταπολίτας, ὡς Ἀριστείδης. Τὰ εἰς 'ρ…