Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika
Iberiai: two. One is near the Pillars of Herakles, named after the river Iber, which Apollodoros mentions in book 2 of his On the Earth:
Within the Pyrenees is Iber, a great river, flowing further inland.
They say that this Iberia is divided into many peoples, just as Herodoros wrote in book 10 of his history concerning Herakles: ‘This Iberian people, which I say inhabits the coast along the passage, though one people by descent, is distinguished by names according to its tribes. First, those inhabiting the furthest regions towards the west are called Kynetes; beyond them, as one proceeds northwards, are the Gletes, then the Tartesioi, then the Elbysinioi, then the Mastienoi, then the Kelkianoi, and thereafter the Rhodanos.’ Iberia used to be divided into two [provinces], but is now divided into three, as per Markianos in his Sea Voyage around it: ‘Previously, then, Iberia was divided by the Romans into two [provinces], but now into three: Baitike, Lusitania, and Tarrakonesia.’ Artemidoros, in book 2 of his Geography, says that it is divided thus: ‘From the Pyrenees Mountains as far as the regions around Gadeira, and further inland, it is called by the synonymous names Iberia and Hispania. It has been divided by the Romans into two provinces... the whole extending from the Pyrenees Mountains as far as New Karchedon and the sources of the Baitis, while the second province comprises the regions as far as Gadeira and Lusitania.’ The other Iberia is near the Persians. The ethnonym is ‘Iberes’, as are ‘Pieres’ and ‘Byzeres’. Dionysios:
Near the pillars of the great-hearted Iberian people.
And Aristophanes in Triphalēs: ‘learning long ago the Iberes of Aristarchos.’ And: ‘the Iberes whom you provide as chorusmen to run to my aid.’ And Artemidoros, in book 2 of his Geography: ‘Those Iberes who live by the sea use the writing system of the Italians.’ The feminine ‘Iberis’ is from the genitive ‘Iberos’: ‘a Greek woman, not an Iberian’, Menander in Aspis. ‘Iberikos’ is also used. [Dionysios]:
The Iberian sea is the first for those setting out.
‘Iberites’ is also used. Parthenios in Leukadia: ‘he will sail on the Iberian shore.’ The nominative ‘Iberos’ is derived from the genitive ‘Iberos’, as ‘phylakos’ from ‘phylakos’. Apollonios says in his Derivatives: ‘Nominatives are derived from genitives: those of more than two syllables, like the nominative, are accented with an acute on the antepenult, whether simple or compound. Thus, as simple forms, “martyr”, “martyros”, “the martyros”; “Charops”, “Charopos”, “the Charopos”—“of lord Charops”; “Troizen”, “Troizenos”, “the Troizenos”—“son of Troizen”; “Iber”, “Iberos”, “the Iberos”.’ As per ‘Iberoisin’ in Quadratus, in book 5 of his Roman Millennium, thus:
And indeed, warring against both the Ligyes and the Iberes together.
Habron says the same in his Derivatives. And ‘the goat-bearded Iber himself’ is said in Kratinos’ Malthakoi. The Iberes are said to drink water, as Athenaios says in book 2 of his Deipnosophistai: ‘Phylarchos in book 7 says that all the Iberes drink water, although they are the richest of all people, for they possess silver and gold in the greatest abundance. He also says that, from parsimony, they always eat only once a day, yet wear the most costly clothes.’
Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.
…όνος καὶ τῶν τοῦ Βαίτιος πηγῶν, τῆς δὲ δευτέρας ἐπαρχίας τὰ μέχρι Γαδείρων καὶ Λουσιτανίας". ἡ δ´ ἑτέρα Ἰβηρία πρὸς Πέρσας ἐστί. τὸ ἐθνικὸν Ἴβηρες ὡς Πίερες Βύζηρες. Διονύσιος "ἀγχοῦ στηλάων μεγαθύμων ἔθνος Ἰβήρων". καὶ Ἀριστοφάνης Τριφάλητι "μανθάνοντες τοὺς Ἴβηρας τοὺς Ἀριστάρχου πάλαι". καὶ "τοὺς Ἴβηρας οὓς χορηγεῖς μοι βοηθῆσαι δρόμῳ". καὶ Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἐν δευτέρῳ τῶν γεωγραφουμένων "γραμματικῇ δὲ χρῶνται τῇ τῶν Ἰταλῶν οἱ παρὰ θάλατταν οἰκοῦντες τῶν Ἰβήρων". καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἴβηρος γενικῆς Ἰβηρίς τὸ θηλυκόν "Ἑλληνίς, οὐκ Ἰβηρίς" Μένανδρος Ἀσπίδι. λέγεται καὶ Ἰβηρικός. [Διονύσιος] "πόντος μὲν πρώτιστος Ἰβηρικὸς ἀρχομένοισιν". λέγεται δὲ καὶ Ἰβηρίτης. Παρθένιος ἐν Λευκαδίᾳ "Ἰβηρ…
…Τὰ εἰς 'ηρ' ἐθνικὰ ἢ κύρια, μὴ συνεμπίπτοντα προσηγορικοῖς, βαρύνονται, Ἴβηρ ὁ ποταμός, οὗ μέμνηται Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν τῇ περὶ γῆς βʹ ἐντὸς δὲ Πυρήνης Ἴβηρ τ´ ἐστὶν μέγας ποταμὸς φερόμενος ἐνδοτέρω. καὶ τὸ ἐθνικὸν ὁμοφώνως. Ἀριστοφάνης Τριφάλητι «μανθάνοντες τοὺς Ἴβηρας τοὺς Ἀριστάρχου πάλαι» καὶ «τοὺς Ἴβηρας οὓς χορηγεῖς μοι βοηθῆσαι δρόμῳ» καὶ Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἐν δευτέρῳ τῶν γεωγραφουμένων «γραμματικῇ δὲ χρῶνται τῇ τῶν Ἰταλῶν οἱ παρὰ θάλατταν οἰκοῦντες τῶν Ἰβήρων». Ἰλλίβηρ, Δόβηρ ἔθνος Παιονίας, Πίηρ, Βύζηρ ἔθνος ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ. τὸ μέντοι Ἐλευθήρ εἷς τῶν Κουρήτων, ἀφ´ οὗ Ἐλευθεραί πόλις Κρήτης, καὶ υἱὸς Ἀπόλλωνος, ἀφ´ οὗ Ἐλευθεραί πόλις Βοιωτίας, ὀξύνεται ὡς τὸ Ἀστήρ. Τὰ εἰς 'ηρ' μ…
…τὸς δὲ Πυρήνης Ἴβηρ τ´ ἐστὶν μέγας ποταμὸς φερόμενος ἐνδοτέρω. ταύτης δὲ πολλά φασιν ἔθνη διαιρεῖσθαι, καθάπερ Ἡρόδωρος ἐν τῇ δεκάτῃ τῶν καθ´ Ἡρακλέα γέγραφεν ἱστορίᾳ οὕτως "τὸ δὲ Ἰβηρικὸν γένος τοῦτο, ὅπερ φημὶ οἰκέειν τὰ παράλια τοῦ διάπλου, διώρισται ὀνόμασιν ἓν γένος ἐὸν κατὰ φῦλα· πρῶτον μὲν οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις οἰκέοντες τὰ [πρὸς] δυσμέων Κύνητες ὀνομάζονται, ἀπ´ ἐκείνων δὲ ἤδη πρὸς βορέην ἰόντι Γλῆτες, μετὰ δὲ Ταρτήσιοι, μετὰ δὲ Ἐλβυσίνιοι, μετὰ δὲ Μαστιηνοί, μετὰ δὲ Κελκιανοί, ἔπειτα δὲ ἤδη ὁ Ῥοδανός". διῃρεῖτο δὲ ἡ Ἰβηρία εἰς [ἐπαρχίας] δύο, νῦν δὲ εἰς τρεῖς, ὡς Μαρκιανὸς ἐν περίπλῳ αὐτῆς “πρότερον μὲν οὖν ἡ Ἰβηρία εἰς δύο [ἐπαρχίας] διῄρητο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, νυνὶ δὲ εἰς τρεῖς, Βαιτίκην Λουσιτανίαν καὶ Ταρρακωνησίαν". Ἀ…
τὰ παράλια τοῦ διάπλου, διώρισται ὀνόμασιν ἓν γένος ἐὸν κατὰ φῦλα· πρῶτον μὲν οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις οἰκέοντες τὰ πρὸς δυσμέων Κύνητες ὀνομάζονται, ἀπ´ ἐκείνων δὲ ἤδη πρὸς βορέην ἰόντι Γλῆτες, μετὰ δὲ Ταρτήσιοι, μετὰ δὲ Ἐλβυσίνιοι, μετὰ δὲ Μαστιηνοί, μετὰ δὲ Κελκιανοί, ἔπειτα δὲ ἤδη ὁ Ῥοδανός«. Τλής ἔθνος Ἰβηρικὸν περιοικοῦν τοὺς Ταρτησσίους. Θεόπομπος τεσσαρακοστῷ πέμπτῳ. Κλής ἐπὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ, Ζής παρὰ Φερεκύδει κατὰ κίνησιν ἰδίαν, θής ὁ μίσθιος, βλής »νύμφα φίλη, καὶ βλητὶ λίθῳ ἐνὶ δάκρυον ἧκας«. περισπᾶτα…
…αι καὶ Ἰβηρικός. [Διονύσιος] "πόντος μὲν πρώτιστος Ἰβηρικὸς ἀρχομένοισιν". λέγεται δὲ καὶ Ἰβηρίτης. Παρθένιος ἐν Λευκαδίᾳ "Ἰβηρίτῃ πλεύσει ἐν αἰγιαλῷ". ἀπὸ τῆς γενικῆς Ἴβηρος εὐθεῖα, ὡς τῆς φύλακος ὁ φύλακος. Ἀπολλώνιος ἐν τοῖς παρωνύμοις φησίν "ἀπὸ γενικῶν εὐθεῖαι παράγονται, τῶν μὲν ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ὁμοίως τῇ εὐθείᾳ κατὰ τὸν τόνον προπαροξυνόμεναι, καὶ ἢ ἐν ἁπλῷ σχήματι ἢ ἐν συνθέτῳ. ἁπλοῦν μὲν οὖν μάρτυρ μάρτυρος ὁ μάρτυρος, Χάροψ Χάροπος ὁ Χάροπος ‚Χαρόποιό τ´ ἄνακτος‛, Τροίζην Τροίζηνος ὁ Τροίζηνος ‚υἱὸς Τροιζήνοιο‛, Ἴβηρ Ἴβηρος ὁ Ἴβηρος". ἀφ´ οὗ παρὰ Κουαδράτῳ ἐν …
…α κατ´ ἰδίαν θηλυκὰ προπαροξύνεται, ὅμηρος, σίδηρος. Φάληρος· Ἄβδηρος ὄνομα τόπου. Ἄηρος πόλις Κρητική, Ἄνδηρος, Ἴβηρος ἀπὸ τῆς Ἴβηρος γενικῆς παραχθέν «αὐτὸς Ἴβηρος τραγοπώγων» ἐν Μαλθακοῖς Κρατίνου. καὶ Ἀπολλώνιος μὲν ἐν τοῖς παρωνύμοις φησίν «ἀπὸ γενικῶν εὐθεῖαι παράγονται, τῶν μὲν ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ὁμοίως τῇ εὐθείᾳ κατὰ τὸν τόνον προπαροξυνόμεναι, καὶ ἐν ἁπλῷ σχήματι ἢ ἐν συνθέτῳ. ἁπλοῦν μὲν οὖν μάρτυρ μάρτυρος ὁ μάρτυρος, Χάροψ Χάροπος ὁ Χάροπος »Χαρόποιο τ´ ἄνακτος« (Il. Β 672), Τροίζην Τροίζηνος ὁ Τροίζηνος »υἱὸς Τροιζήνοιο« (Il. Β 847). Ἴβηρ Ἴβηρος ὁ Ἴβηρος». τὸ …
…, οὗ μέμνηται Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν τῇ περὶ γῆς βʹ ἐντὸς δὲ Πυρήνης Ἴβηρ τ´ ἐστὶν μέγας ποταμὸς φερόμενος ἐνδοτέρω. ταύτης δὲ πολλά φασιν ἔθνη διαιρεῖσθαι, καθάπερ Ἡρόδωρος ἐν τῇ δεκάτῃ τῶν καθ´ Ἡρακλέα γέγραφεν ἱστορίᾳ οὕτως "τὸ δὲ Ἰβηρικὸν γένος τοῦτο, ὅπερ φημὶ οἰκέειν τὰ παράλια τοῦ διάπλου, διώρισται ὀνόμασιν ἓν γένος ἐὸν κατὰ φῦλα· πρῶτον μὲν οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις οἰκέοντες τὰ [πρὸς] δυσμέων Κύνητες ὀνομάζονται, ἀπ´ ἐκείνων δὲ ἤδη πρὸς βορέην ἰόντι Γλῆτες, μετὰ δὲ Ταρτήσιοι, μετὰ δὲ…
…ηξ καὶ ποταμοῦ ὄνομα, Γνής ἔθνος οἰκῆσαν τὴν Ῥόδον· ἔνθεν ἴγνητες οἱ ἰθαγενεῖς· λέγεται γὰρ καὶ μετὰ τοῦ 'ι' ἴγνητες. Φρής ἔθνος Λιβυκόν, Γλής ἔθνος Ἰβηρικὸν μετὰ τοὺς Κύνητας. Ἡρόδωρος δεκάτῳ τῶν καθ´ Ἡρακλέα ἱστοριῶν »τὸ δὲ Ἰβηρικὸν γένος τοῦτο, ὅπερ φημὶ οἰκέειν
…καὶ "τοὺς Ἴβηρας οὓς χορηγεῖς μοι βοηθῆσαι δρόμῳ". καὶ Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἐν δευτέρῳ τῶν γεωγραφουμένων "γραμματικῇ δὲ χρῶνται τῇ τῶν Ἰταλῶν οἱ παρὰ θάλατταν οἰκοῦντες τῶν Ἰβήρων". καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἴβηρος γενικῆς Ἰβηρίς τὸ θηλυκόν "Ἑλληνίς, οὐκ Ἰβηρίς" Μένανδρος Ἀσπίδι. λέγεται καὶ Ἰβηρικός. [Διονύσιος] "πόντος μὲν πρώτιστος Ἰβηρικὸς ἀρχομένοισιν". λέγεται δὲ καὶ Ἰβηρίτης. Παρθένιος ἐν Λευκαδίᾳ "Ἰβηρίτῃ πλεύσει ἐν αἰγιαλῷ". ἀπὸ τῆς γενικῆς Ἴβηρος εὐθεῖα, ὡς τῆς φύλακος ὁ φύλακος. Ἀπολ…
* Τὰ εἰς 'ρις' πολυσύλλαβα τῷ 'η' ἢ τῷ 'ω' ἢ τῇ 'ει' διφθόγγῳ παραληγόμενα ὀξύνεται, Φαληρίς, Ἰβηρίς «Ἑλληνίς, οὐκ Ἰβηρίς». Μένανδρος Ἀσπίδι. Καφηρίς, Κασωρίς, θεωρίς, Καβειρίς. τὸ δὲ Ταπόσειρις πόλις Αἰγύπτου πλησίον Ἀλεξανδρείας βαρύνεται. * Τὰ εἰς 'ρις' ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς διφθόγγῳ τῇ διὰ τοῦ 'υ' παραληγόμενα ἅπαντα ὀξύνεται οἷον Ἐπιδαυρίς, Βαναυρίς. Βαναυρ…