Τάρας

Stephanos of Byzantium - Ethnika

All Letters / Τ Tau / Τάρας
Τάρας OCR ✓ Trans ✓ Confirmed ✓
city
Τάρας, πόλις Ἰταλίας καὶ ποταμὸς ὁμώνυμος παρὰ θάλασσαν. ἀρσενικῶς δὲ κατ´ ἀναλογίαν· οὐδὲν γὰρ εἰς « ρας » θηλυκὸν εὑρίσκεται· τοῦτο δ´ εὕρηται καὶ θηλυκῶς. ὁ πολίτης Ταραντῖνος. καὶ ἀνεγράφησαν οὕτω πολλοὶ χρηματίζοντες, μάλιστα Πυθαγόρειοι, καὶ Ἀριστόξενος μουσικός, Ἀριστοτέλους γνώριμος. καὶ Ῥίνθων Ταραντῖνος, φλύαξ, τὰ τραγικὰ μεταρρυθμίζων ἐς τὸ γελοῖον· φέρονται δ´ αὐτοῦ δράματα ληʹ. καὶ Ἴκκος ὁ Ταραντῖνος ἰατρὸς ἐπὶ τῆς οζʹ ὀλυμπιάδος· μέμνηται τούτου καὶ Πλάτων ἐν Πρωταγόρᾳ. τὸ θηλυκὸν Ταραντίνη, καὶ Ταραντῖνον οὐδετέρως. καὶ ταραντινίζειν τὸ τὴν ἐνόπλιον καὶ εἰς τὰς μάχας χρήσιμον ἱππασίαν ποιεῖσθαι. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Τάραντος ἀρσενικῶς λεγομένη πόλις Βιθυνίας, ἔνθα τιμᾶται Ταρανταῖος Ζεύς, ὡς Δημοσθένης ἐν δευτέρῳ Βιθυνιακῶν. εὕρηται καὶ διὰ τοῦ « δ » Δάρανδος.

Taras: a city in Italy, and a homonymous river by the sea. The name is masculine by analogy, for no feminine noun ending in '-ras' is found; this one, however, also occurs as feminine. A citizen is a 'Tarantinos'. Many people bearing this designation are recorded, especially Pythagoreans, as well as Aristoxenos the musician, an associate of Aristotle. There was also Rhinthon of Taras, a phlyax poet, who recast tragedies as comedy; thirty-eight plays of his are extant. There was also Ikkos of Taras, a physician in the 67th Olympiad; Plato too mentions him in the Protagoras. The feminine is 'Tarantine', and the neuter 'Tarantinon'. 'Tarantinizein' means to perform armed horsemanship useful in battle. There is also Tarantos, a city in Bithynia whose name is used in the masculine; there Zeus Tarantaios is honoured, as per Demosthenes, in book 2 of his Bithyniaka. The form 'Darandos', with δ, is also found.

AI translation — gpt-5.6-sol; Gabe v3

Text Details

Entry#29
Greek textmeineke (current) · csv_fallback
Source idMeineke 603.1
OCRgemini-constrained (gemini-3-flash-preview) on 2026-01-22
Word count109
AI translationgpt-5.5 v3 · gpt-5.6-sol

Cited Authors

AuthorWork / Citation
Πλάτων (Plato)Protagoras · (316d9)
Πρωταγόρας (Protagoras)Protagoras · (316d9)
Δημοσθένης (Demosthenes)Bithyniaka · FGrHist 699 F 1 = fr. 1 Powell
Βιθυνιακά (Bithyniaka (History of Bithynia))Bithyniaka · FGrHist 699 F 1 = fr. 1 Powell
Browse all cited authors and works

Mentioned Entities

EntityDetails
ΤάραςTaras · place
ἸταλίαItaly · place
ΤαραντῖνοςTarentine · people
ΠυθαγόρειοιPythagoreans · people
ἈριστόξενοςAristoxenus · person
ἈριστοτέληςAristotle · person
ῬίνθωνRhinthon · person
ΤαραντῖνοςTarentine · people
ἼκκοςIccus · person
ΤαραντῖνοςTarentine · people
ΤάραντοςTarantus · place
ΒιθυνίαBithynia · place
Ταρανταῖοςof Tarantus / Tarantaean · deity
ΖεύςZeus · deity
ΔάρανδοςDarandus · place
Taras in Italyplace · city · Italy · explicit · wikidata: Q13498 · candidate
Taras River by the seaplace · river · Italy, by the sea · implicit · unresolved
Tarantos in Bithyniaplace · city · Bithynia · explicit · unresolved
Browse all people and deities

Etymologies

CategoryExplanation
Unclear MetalinguisticTaras is a city of Italy and a river bearing the same name by the sea. The name is treated as masculine by analogy, since no feminine noun ending in -ρας is found; nevertheless, it is also attested in the feminine.
Unclear MetalinguisticThere is also a city in Bithynia called Tarantos in the masculine, where Tarantaean Zeus is honored.
Unclear MetalinguisticThe name is also found with delta, as Darandos.

Links

Place linksTaranto | 📍 Map | Pleiades
Page scansvol4_288.jpg
ReviewOpen review page

Translation Guidance

KindRuleGuidanceDetection
FormulaX (AUTHOR NAME) + ἐν + Y (dative BOOK NAME)
formula:c795eaabedf9a542
Translate as "Χ, in his *Y*"
Domain: SOURCE CITATIONS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
FormulaX (SETTLEMENT) + Y (genitive PEOPLE)
formula:0a6d211492d74a05
Translate as "a X of the Y"
Domain: SPATIAL & PREDICATE STATEMENTS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
FormulaX (SETTLEMENT) + Y (genitive REGION)
formula:1040044f9f2bf616
Translate as "a X in Y"
Domain: SPATIAL & PREDICATE STATEMENTS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Formulaδιὰ τοῦ + «X» (GREEK LETTER) + [FORM OF γράφειν]
formula:93bec21ca1d8a38f
Translate as "writes/write/wrote/is written with X"
Domain: SPELLING & PROSODY
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Formulaὁ πολίτης + X (nominative GENTILIC)
formula:9b2896a329a36c7e
Translate as "a citizen is an 'X'"
Domain: SPATIAL & PREDICATE STATEMENTS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 2 scan rows · 2 occurrences
Formulaτὸ ἐθνικὸν + X (nominative ETHNONYM)
formula:cfc8a7c494690fc3
Translate as "the ethnonym is 'X'"
Domain: SPATIAL & PREDICATE STATEMENTS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Formulaὡς + X (AUTHOR NAME)
formula:d915b1886270056c
Translate as "as per X"
Domain: SOURCE CITATIONS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Formulaὡς + X (AUTHOR NAME) + Y (dative NUMBER) + Z (genitive BOOK NAME)
formula:f22af8012162d222
Translate as 'as per X, in book Y of his *Z*'
Domain: SOURCE CITATIONS
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Formulaὡς + X (definite ARTICLE + ETYMON) + Y (nominative DERIVED NOUN)
formula:bcd70ae781e7b205
Translate as "just as 'Y' is from the name X"
Domain: COMPARISONS & DERIVATIONAL ANALOGIES
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Glossὁμωνύμως/ὁμώνυμος -ον
gloss:0fbae2a88778c0fa
homonymous, having the same name
Domain: LINGUISTIC/META-LINGUISTIC
Rule status: In progress		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Glossπολίτης ὁ
gloss:1c7dda400d7265cb
citizen
Domain: POLITCAL/CULTURAL		Matched · high confidence · 1 scan row · 1 occurrence
Browse all translation guidance rules

Herodian overlaps

Stephanos excerpt (left) is aligned with matched Herodian passages (right). Colors indicate corresponding overlap spans.

Herodian 1.56
char LCS 124 (19.6%) · word LCS 23 (21.1%)
Stephanos
Τάρας, πόλις Ἰταλίας καὶ ποταμὸς ὁμώνυμος παρὰ θάλασσαν. ἀρσενικῶς δὲ κατ´ ἀναλογίαν· οὐδὲν γὰρ εἰς « ρας » θηλυκὸν εὑρίσκεται· τοῦτο δ´ εὕρηται καὶ θηλυκῶς. ὁ πολίτης Ταραντῖνος. καὶ ἀνεγράφησαν οὕτω πολλοὶ χρηματίζοντες, μάλιστα Πυθαγόρειοι, καὶ Ἀριστόξενος μουσικός, Ἀριστοτέλους γνώριμος. καὶ Ῥίνθων Ταραντῖνος, φλύαξ, τὰ τραγικὰ μεταρρυθμίζων ἐς τὸ γελοῖον· φέρονται δ´ α…
Herodian
…ραο». ἔστι δὲ καὶ Σικελίας ποταμὸς Ἀθύρας, ὡς Νυμφόδωρος. Τύρας πόλις καὶ ποταμὸς ἐν τῷ Εὐξείνῳ πόντῳ, ὡς ὁ πολυίστωρ. λέγεται δὲ καὶ Τύρις. Κιβύρας ἀδελφὸς Μαρσύου. Ἄρας αὐτόχθων τις, ἀφ´ οὗ Ἀραντία Πελοποννήσου πόλις. Τάρας πόλις Ἰταλίας καὶ ποταμὸς ὁμώνυμος παρὰ θάλασσαν· ἀρσενικῶς δὲ κατ´ ἀναλογίαν. οὐδὲν γὰρ εἰς 'ρας' θηλυκὸν εὑρίσκεται. τοῦτο δ´ εὕρηται καὶ θηλυκῶς. Κάρας. Λάρας. Πείρας. Καίρρας. Ἱμέρας ποταμός, ὡς Νικάνωρ. Χρυσαόρας ποταμὸς Λυδίας. Φαναγόρας. Πυθαγόρας. Σιμμόρας. Ξεναγόρας. Κύδρας. Κόδρας. Λάμπρας. Πρόφρας. Τεύθρας ὁ Πανδίονος, Τίθρας δῆμος τῆς Αἰγηΐδος φυλῆς, Βά…
Herodian 1.222
char LCS 69 (10.9%) · word LCS 11 (10.1%)
Stephanos
…υμπιάδος· μέμνηται τούτου καὶ Πλάτων ἐν Πρωταγόρᾳ. τὸ θηλυκὸν Ταραντίνη, καὶ Ταραντῖνον οὐδετέρως. καὶ ταραντινίζειν τὸ τὴν ἐνόπλιον καὶ εἰς τὰς μάχας χρήσιμον ἱππασίαν ποιεῖσθαι. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Τάραντος ἀρσενικῶς λεγομένη πόλις Βιθυνίας, ἔνθα τιμᾶται Ταρανταῖος Ζεύς, ὡς Δημοσθένης ἐν δευτέρῳ Βιθυνιακῶν. εὕρηται καὶ διὰ τοῦ « δ » Δάρανδος.
Herodian
…ός. εἰσὶ δὲ Ἀμαραντοί Κολχικὸν ἔθνος, ἀφ´ ὧν ὁ Φᾶσις ῥεῖ, ὅθεν καὶ Ἀμαράντιον τὸν Φᾶσίν φασιν. οἱ δὲ Ἀπεραντοί ἔθνος Θεσσαλίας. Ὀδόμαντος ἔθνος Θρᾴκης. Θουκυδίδης δευτέρᾳ (c. 101). Σάγουντος πόλις ἐν Ἱσπανίαις. Τάραντος πόλις Βιθυνίας, ἔνθα τιμᾶται Ταρανταῖος Ζεύς, ὡς Δημοσθένης ἐν δευτέρῳ Βιθυνιακῶν, ἀρσενικῶς λεγομένη. εὕρηται καὶ διὰ τοῦ 'δ' Δάρανδος. Δύσποντος ὁ Πέλοπος, ἀφ´ οὗ Δυσπόντιον πόλις Πισαίας. ὀξύνεται δὲ τὰ πρὸ τέλους 'εν' ἔχοντα, Λωμεντός, Λαυρεντός, Σωρεντός, Βενεβεντός, ἣ καὶ Μαλοεντός ἐλέγετο. Καρ…

Canonical URL: headword_44234.html

Last updated: 2026-10-10 09:35:26 UTC