Ἀθῆναι

Athenai: cities, five according to Oros, six according to Philon. The one in Attica, about which Charax says that Theseus, having united the eleven cities in Attica into Athens, established the festival Synoikia. The citizen Athenaios and feminine Athenaia. The goddess is called Athenaia in a single form. It is also said of a woman, as many others, and Philemon thus in the Pterygion: "but now whenever someone takes into his house these Hipponikai and Nausistratai and Nausinikai, the Athenaiai I mean". Didymos says they say Athenaiai instead of Attikai. Phrynichos says the word is un-Attic and wonders how Pherekrates, being most Attic, uses it. They called the women 'astai' not because they could not say Athenaiai, but since they called the men too 'astoi'. For the Athenians are recorded as the first to have invented towns and cities, whence they also called their akropolis 'polis' as a proper name, as Aristophanes: "and I worship first the sun, then the famous polis of august Pallas". They were also called by a patronymic type, as Habron in his On Paronyms, that there are twofold appellations among poets, from the fatherland and from the founder. The Halikarnassians at any rate were called Antheadai and the Tarentines Phalantiadai, from the most distinguished men among them, and the Athenians Kodridai and Kekropidai, Theseidai, Erechtheidai. And these appellations they held more honourable than those from the fatherland. Second, a Laconian city. Third, of Karia. Fourth of the Ligurians. Fifth, of Italy. Sixth, of Euboia, a foundation of Dias, as Ephoros in the third: "To Abas are born children Alkon and Dias and Arethousa, of whom Dias, having founded a city, named it thus from his fatherland". The citizen Athenaios and Athenaikos. These are called Athenai Diades. Seventh, of Akarnania, as Demetrios, Athenians having founded a city in Kouretis called it Athenai. For they named what is now Akarnania Kouretis. Eighth, of Boiotia, the one that reappeared from the lake after earlier being flooded by Kopais, when Krates cut drainage channels through it. The city was called, as some say, Athenai, others Orchomenos, as the Boiotians. There is also in the Euxine Sea a place Athenai, as Arrian. There is also a Greek sanctuary there.